This paper offers a historical and political perspective on financial imperialism from the dawn of the Bretton Woods system through to the present day, showcasing the deliberate ways that hegemony has been constructed and is maintained. The four thematic pillars of financial imperialism explored are: (1.) foreign debt, (2.) currency hegemony, (3.) financialization, and (4.) tax evasion and avoidance. The paper concludes by highlighting key moments in ongoing South-led resistance to financial imperialism, reflecting the continuing fight for economic and development justice.